Charles W. Dithrich, a psychoanalyst and clinical psychologist with a private practice specializing in psychotherapeutic and psychoanalytic treatment, as well as psychological assessment, has conducted extensive research, written papers, and taught classes on the subject of dreaming. He has explored how the dream practices of Indigenous peoples contribute to the psychoanalytic understanding and technical approach to dream interpretation.

Similarities and Differences Between Psychoanalytic and Indigenous Dream Interpretation

Dr. Dithrich has explored how psychoanalytic dream interpretation often focuses on the individual’s unconscious, repressed desires, and childhood experiences. In contrast, Indigenous interpretations may place more emphasis on dreams as a means of connecting to the spiritual realm, accessing ancestral knowledge, or tapping into the collective consciousness of the community. Psychoanalytic interpretations typically examine an individual’s psychological state and personal history, with dreams being analyzed through techniques such as free association to uncover hidden meanings. Indigenous interpretations, on the other hand, may view dreams as messages from ancestors or the spirit world, potentially offering wisdom or guidance that goes beyond personal experiences and unconscious desires. While these perspectives can vary widely depending on the culture, the contrast between individual-focused psychoanalysis and the more communal and spiritual approach in many Indigenous traditions is a common theme.

Both interpretations suggest that dreams are not simply random events, but may carry meaning and significance. Additionally, both approaches recognize that symbolism in dreams can play a role in uncovering their deeper messages or meanings, as suggested by Dr. Charles W. Dithrich, PhD.

The “Unity Consciousness” in Indigenous Dream Practices

“Unity consciousness” refers to the state of being in oneness and unity with life, the universe, community, ancestors, nature, and the spiritual world, aligning with Indigenous dream traditions and understandings. Many Indigenous cultures view dreaming as a means to transcend personal identity and connect with a broader, cosmic, or spiritual reality. During this state, there is a blending of the waking and dream worlds, the past and present, the individual and the communal. This allows healing, knowledge, and guidance to happen. In comparison, Dr. Charles W. Dithrich, PhD, explains that psychoanalytic approaches emphasize the individual psyche, personal unconscious, and internal conflicts.

How Transcendent Dreams Are Viewed

Transcendent dreams, which feel profoundly meaningful, spiritual, or profound, are often described as visions, mystical encounters, or experiences of unity with a greater reality. While contemporary psychoanalysis and Indigenous dream practices acknowledge the impact of transcendent dreams, they differ in their interpretations and approaches to engaging with them.

Indigenous dream practices often view transcendent dreams as direct interactions with spirits, ancestors, or sacred knowledge. For example, “Dreamtime” is at the core of the Aboriginal people of Australia. Dreamtime is a complex metaphysical framework through which people understand their place in the universe, their relationships with their kin, and their connections to the land. It offers a unique interpretation of reality, where the temporal, spiritual, and natural domains are intricately interconnected, and life is viewed as a harmonious part of this larger cosmic order.

On the other hand, psychoanalysis tends to frame transcendent dreams as symbolic manifestations of the unconscious or glimpses into deeper levels of self-awareness, according to Charles W. Dithrich. 

While there are differences between the two approaches, they both view transcendent dreams as life-changing experiences that may help reshape one’s identity, provide guidance, and deepen one’s connection to the world.

The Use of Indigenous Plants and Medicines to Support Dream Activity

In many Indigenous cultures, plants and medicines are often regarded as both physical remedies and spiritual aids, sometimes used to enhance dreaming, vision-seeking, and communication with other realms. These plant-based methods are typically found in shamanic traditions, healing ceremonies, and personal dreamwork, where they may help strengthen the connection between the dreamer and the unseen world. For example, the Chontal Maya of Mexico are known to use Calea zacatechichi, often referred to as the “dream herb,” to potentially increase dream clarity, encourage lucid dreams, and support dream recall. Similarly, the plant Bobinsana, found in the Amazon Basin, is sometimes used in shamanic ceremonies to foster lucid dreaming and promote heart-centered awareness.

Psychoanalysis does not employ physical substances to enhance dreams but instead uses approaches that engage the unconscious mind through structured reflection, such as journaling, free association, and symbolic interpretation.

Some modern practitioners are exploring the possibility of blending Indigenous dream practices with psychoanalytic methods. For instance, sure transpersonal psychologists may experiment with mild dream-enhancing herbs, such as Mugwort or Blue Lotus, in conjunction with Jungian dream work, to expand their approach to dream exploration.

Exploring How the Presence of Ancestors, Deities, Spirits, Gods, and Saints in Indigenous Dream Practices Relates to Contemporary Psychoanalysis

Indigenous cultures have viewed dreams as a gateway to the unseen world, where ancestors, deities, spirits, and other entities convey messages, warnings, or guidance. The dreamer sees these figures as teachers, entities from which they can learn and gain knowledge.

Although psychoanalysis generally does not treat these figures as literal spiritual entities, but rather as symbols arising from the unconscious, they are recognized as deeply meaningful and psychologically robust. The more recent psychological theories, according to Dr. Dithrich, acknowledge that dream figures may represent spiritual or transcendent aspects of the psyche. Dream encounters with divine beings or ancestors may reflect deeper connections to a universal or spiritual self. For example, a dream of a saint or deity may symbolize a dreamer’s journey toward personal transformation or wholeness.

As scholars and practitioners become more open to exploring Indigenous dream interpretation and holistic healing, there is potential for an integrated approach to dreaming that acknowledges both personal psychology and the broader, interconnected web of existence.

Charles W. Dithrich has taught development and psychotherapeutic technique courses at various institutions, including the Professional School of Psychology, the Boyer Research Institute, and the Psychotherapy Institute. He has presented numerous papers, including those on dreams, to several professional organizations, such as the Northern California Society for Psychoanalytic Psychology (NCSPP).

Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of Charles W. Dithrich and are intended for informational purposes only. The article does not serve as a substitute for professional psychological or medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Readers should consult with a qualified healthcare professional for advice on dream interpretation or any psychological concerns. Additionally, the cultural practices and interpretations discussed here reflect the perspectives of Indigenous communities and may vary widely among different traditions.

Published by Stephanie M.